21 Longest-Living Dog Breeds: Top Small Dog Picks For Longevity

When choosing a dog as a companion, many pet owners want to ensure they’ll have many years together. While all dogs bring joy and love to our lives, some breeds are known for their remarkable longevity. Understanding which dog breeds tend to live the longest can help you make an informed decision when selecting your next furry family member. Small dog breeds, in particular, have demonstrated significantly longer lifespans compared to their larger counterparts, with some reaching their late teens or even early twenties.

Why Smaller Dogs Live Longer

Research consistently shows that smaller dog breeds tend to outlive larger breeds by several years. Scientists have found that among 155 purebred breeds studied, smaller and long-nosed dogs tended to live longer than larger and flat-nosed dogs. The median lifespan for all dogs in comprehensive studies was approximately 12.5 years, with female dogs living slightly longer than males, averaging 12.7 years compared to 12.4 years for males. This size-related longevity advantage is one of the most significant factors influencing how long your canine companion may live.

Flat-nosed, or brachycephalic dogs, face particular challenges that may contribute to shorter lifespans. These breeds have known health issues, including breathing problems and heat intolerance, which can impact their overall quality of life and longevity. For example, miniature dachshunds, which are both small and long-nosed, had a median lifespan of 14 years, compared to just 9.8 years for French bulldogs, which are medium-sized dogs with flat noses.

The Longest-Living Dog Breeds

1. Chihuahua

Life expectancy: 14-16 years

Chihuahuas originated in Mexico and are the smallest dog breed in the world. These alert, lively, and sometimes sassy dogs love their pet parents deeply but can be reserved around strangers. The breed is tiny but hardy and is one of the healthiest dog breeds. That said, Chihuahuas can develop health issues, like heart disease and patellar luxation, throughout their long life. Their diminutive size is a major contributor to their impressive longevity, making them one of the best choices for those seeking a long-term companion.

2. Yorkshire Terrier

Life expectancy: 11-15 years

Affectionate, bold, and curious Yorkshire Terriers are always ready for an adventure, though they can be stubborn and aren’t shy about raising their voice. These tiny terriers are known to be a fairly healthy breed, but they are also prone to some health problems, such as patellar luxation and tracheal collapse. Their spirited nature and compact size contribute to their respectable lifespan and make them wonderful companions for families and individuals alike.

3. Toy Poodle

Life expectancy: 12-15 years

Toy Poodles are intelligent, athletic, and affectionate dogs that thrive on mental stimulation and physical activity. Despite their small size, they possess remarkable energy and require regular exercise and training to keep them happy and healthy. Their intelligence makes them highly trainable, and their hypoallergenic coat appeals to many dog lovers. Toy Poodles generally enjoy good health when provided with proper care and nutrition.

4. Shih Tzu

Life expectancy: 10-18 years

Shih Tzus are another dog with a long lifespan, living up to 18 years in many cases. These dogs are most known for their long coats, but you can groom a Shih Tzu for a shorter, more manageable coat. Shih Tzus are all-around loving dogs that are affectionate with family, good with young children, and friendly with other dogs. Their adaptability and gentle nature make them ideal for various living situations, from apartments to houses with yards.

5. Dachshund

Life expectancy: 12-16 years

Dachshunds, particularly the miniature variety, are known for their exceptionally long lives. These distinctive dogs, with their short legs and elongated bodies, originated in Germany and were bred for hunting. They are playful, curious, and brave, often displaying personalities much larger than their physical stature. Dachshunds can be prone to back problems due to their unique body structure, so proper exercise and weight management are crucial for maintaining their health and longevity.

6. Pomeranian

Life expectancy: 12-16 years

Pomeranians are small spitz-type dogs known for their fluffy coats and bold personalities. Despite their tiny size, they possess confident and outgoing temperaments. These dogs require regular grooming to maintain their beautiful double coats and benefit from consistent training to manage their sometimes stubborn nature. With proper socialization and care, Pomeranians can live well into their mid-teens.

7. Maltese

Life expectancy: 12-15 years

The Maltese is an elegant breed with a silky white coat that has been around for 28 centuries, with ancient Egyptians possibly enjoying this breed as companions. These gentle, affectionate dogs are excellent for families and individuals seeking a calm, loving companion. Maltese dogs require regular grooming and dental care to maintain their health and distinctive appearance. Their small size and generally robust constitution contribute to their reliable lifespan.

8. Pug

Life expectancy: 12-15 years

Pugs are charming, compact dogs known for their wrinkled faces and affectionate nature. They love being around people and thrive on companionship, making them excellent lap dogs and family pets. However, as brachycephalic breeds, Pugs can experience breathing difficulties and heat sensitivity. Owners should be mindful of these predispositions and ensure their Pugs are kept in cool environments and avoid overexertion, particularly during warm weather.

9. Rat Terrier

Life expectancy: 12-18 years

Rat Terriers are energetic, intelligent small dogs that were originally bred to catch rats and other small game. These spirited companions are loyal and affectionate with their families but can be wary of strangers. They require regular exercise and mental stimulation to prevent destructive behaviors and maintain their physical and mental health. With proper care, Rat Terriers often enjoy remarkably long lives.

10. Shiba Inu

Life expectancy: 12-15 years

Shiba Inus are small, spirited Japanese dogs known for their fox-like appearance and independent temperament. These alert and confident dogs are loyal to their families but can be aloof with strangers. Shiba Inus require consistent training and socialization from an early age to develop into well-behaved companions. They enjoy good health overall, though they can be prone to certain conditions common in small breeds.

11. Miniature Schnauzer

Life expectancy: 12-15 years

Miniature Schnauzers are intelligent, spirited dogs with distinctive bearded faces and wiry coats. Originally bred in Germany as ratters, they retain their alert and protective nature. These dogs are excellent for families and bond strongly with their owners. Regular grooming is essential to maintain their characteristic appearance, and they require consistent training and socialization for optimal behavior.

12. Chinese Crested

Life expectancy: 13-18 years

Chinese Cresteds are one of the most unique-looking and longest-living dog breeds around. Their tiny frames are almost completely hairless, though they typically have long, silky locks on top of their head, on their paws, and on their tails. There are also “powderpuff” Chinese Cresteds, born with hair all over. Chinese Crested dogs have been known to live into their 20s, but can develop eye problems, dental disease, and Leggs-Calvé-Perthes disease, among other ailments. Their distinctive appearance and remarkable longevity make them a memorable choice for devoted dog lovers.

13. Pekingese

Life expectancy: 12-15 years

Pekingese are small, dignified dogs with long, flowing coats that originated in China. These regal companions are affectionate with their families but can be stubborn and independent. They require regular grooming to keep their luxurious coats in good condition and benefit from moderate daily exercise. As brachycephalic breeds, they should be monitored for breathing difficulties and kept cool during hot weather.

14. Papillon

Life expectancy: 12-16 years

Papillons are small, elegant dogs with distinctive large, feathered ears resembling butterfly wings, from which their name derives. These intelligent and agile dogs excel in obedience competitions and agility trials. Despite their small size, Papillons possess remarkable energy and require regular exercise and mental stimulation. They are highly trainable and form strong bonds with their families.

15. Pinscher

Life expectancy: 12-15 years

Miniature Pinschers are small but bold dogs with big personalities. Known as “min pins,” these confident, energetic dogs are fearless and entertaining companions. They require consistent training and socialization to channel their spirited nature appropriately. Despite their small size, they need adequate exercise and mental stimulation to remain happy and healthy.

Factors That Contribute to Canine Longevity

Size Advantage

Scientific research demonstrates that smaller dog breeds consistently outlive their larger counterparts. This biological reality means that if longevity is a priority in selecting your canine companion, choosing a small breed significantly increases the likelihood of having your beloved pet for an extended period.

Face Shape and Breathing

Long-nosed dogs tend to live longer than flat-nosed breeds. Brachycephalic breeds, with their shortened muzzles, face increased health challenges that can reduce their lifespan. When possible, selecting a breed with a more natural nose structure can contribute to longer life expectancy and fewer health complications.

Genetics and Breed Predispositions

Different breeds carry genetic predispositions to various health conditions. Small, long-nosed breeds often have fewer inherent health vulnerabilities compared to larger or brachycephalic breeds, contributing to their extended lifespans.

Gender Considerations

Female dogs tend to live slightly longer than males, with studies showing a median lifespan difference of approximately 0.3 years. This modest but consistent advantage should be considered when selecting a dog.

How to Help Your Dog Live a Long, Healthy Life

Regardless of breed, several factors can help maximize your dog’s lifespan and quality of life. Regular veterinary care, including annual wellness exams and preventative screenings, is essential for early detection of health issues. Maintaining a healthy weight through proper nutrition and regular exercise helps prevent obesity-related conditions that can shorten lifespan. Providing mental stimulation through training, play, and interactive activities keeps dogs engaged and supports cognitive health. Finally, ensuring a safe living environment and minimizing stress contributes significantly to overall longevity and well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions About Long-Living Dog Breeds

Q: Which dog breed lives the longest?

A: While lifespans vary, small breeds like Chihuahuas, Chinese Cresteds, and Rat Terriers typically live the longest, with many reaching 15-18 years or beyond with proper care.

Q: Do purebred dogs live longer than mixed breeds?

A: Research suggests that purebred dogs tend to live slightly longer than crossbreds, with purebreds averaging 12.7 years compared to 12 years for crossbreds.

Q: Why do smaller dogs live longer than larger dogs?

A: The exact reasons are complex, but smaller dogs experience less physiological stress and may have lower incidence rates of certain age-related diseases that affect larger breeds more frequently.

Q: Can a dog live past 20 years?

A: Yes, while rare, some dogs have been documented living into their 20s, particularly small breeds like Chihuahuas and other toy breeds with exceptional health and care.

Q: What health problems are common in long-lived small breeds?

A: Common issues include patellar luxation, dental disease, heart disease, and eye problems. Regular veterinary care and preventative health measures can help manage these conditions.

Q: How can I extend my dog’s lifespan?

A: Provide balanced nutrition, maintain regular exercise, schedule routine veterinary care, keep your dog at a healthy weight, provide mental stimulation, and create a safe, stress-free environment.

Q: Are brachycephalic dogs at risk for shorter lifespans?

A: Yes, flat-nosed breeds often experience breathing difficulties and heat sensitivity that can contribute to health complications and potentially shorter lifespans compared to long-nosed breeds.

Q: Do female dogs live longer than male dogs?

A: On average, yes. Female dogs tend to live slightly longer than males, with studies showing females averaging about 0.3 years longer than males across dog populations.